Mandrel-press.



H. P. WHITE.

MANDREL PRESS.

APPLICA'HON FILED APR. 15. l9i3.

1 1 56,261 Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

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H. P. WHITE.

MANDREL PRESS. APPLICATION FILED APR. 15, 1913.

1,156,261 v Patented Oct. 12,- 1915.

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MANDREL PRE SS. APPLICATION HLED 111 11.15. 1913.

1,156,261. Patented 001. 12, 1915.

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HENRY P. WHITE, OF KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN, 'ASSIGNOR TO ATLAS PRESS 00., OF KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION.

MANDREL-PRESS.

Application filed April 15, 1913. Serial No. 761,191. I

The objects of the invention are: First, to

provide a mandrel press having a compound lever for operatmg the same, said compound lever being easily and quickly adjustable so as to vary the force exerted by it and being capable of exerting very great pressure 1n proportion to the dimensions of its parts.

Second, to provide a mandrel press having a ram which is engaged on all sides for the purpose of transmitting pressure thereto, so that great pressure may be safely transmitted to said ram. Third, to provide in a mandrel press, an improved double column frame so constructed as to give the maximum 1 strength in proportion to its size and weight.

Objects pertaining to details and economies of construction and operation will definitely appear from the description to follow.

I accomplish the objects of my invention by the devices and means described in the following specification.

The invention is clearly defined and pointed out in the claims.

A preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification in Which:

Figure I is a view in rear elevation of my improved mandrel press, the 'ram being broken. away to show the-details of construction, Fig. 11 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 2 2 of Fig. I, some'of the parts being shown in full lines. Fig. III is a sectional view taken on line 3 3 of Figs. I and T1, the work table being removed. Fig. TV is a top plan view of the slotted adjustable work plate. Fig. V is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken on line 5 of Fig. 11 and showing the details of construction of the pawl head and its connection to the ram. Fig. V1 is a transverse sectional view on line 66 of Fig. V, Fig. VII is an enlarged transverse sectional view on the line 77 of Fig. 11, showing details of the construction of the adjustable cross head.

Fig; VIII is a detail View of partof the ram, showing itprovided with a screw thread. Fig. TX is an enlarged detail view partly in'section, of a modification showing a different mannerof adjusting the conipound lever.

In the drawing, all of the sectional views are taken looking in the direction of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines.

' and similar numerals of reference refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Considering the numbered parts of the dr wing, l is the base plate secured to the foundation by screws 2 and from the opposite sides of which risethe columns 3. These columns are connected; at their lower ends by means of the cross-bar 4 having an opeu ing 5 through the center thereof 'adaptedto receive and support the mandrel retainer 6 which is of ordinary construction and has its bottom covered with lead to protect the mandrel. An adjustable work plate 7 which I Specification of Letters Patent. 1 I Pgptqgnted Get 12 1915 may be pivoted to said crossbar, has anum 7 her of recesses of different sizes to support different" sizes of work.

The upper endsof columns 3 are connected by means of. the 'top frame member 8, from which rise the secondary columns' 9 which support the crown piece. 10. The crown piece and top frame members are provided with openings 1.1 and 12'which are in alinement with each other and with the opening 5 in the cross-bar, and in the first named openings the ram 13 is slidably suspended.

Tothe lower end of said ram 13 a plug let of softbrassor' copper is secured by means of the set screw 15. Said lower end of the ram is also provided with a screw eye 16 to which is connected one end of. the chain 17. This chain passes over pulleys 18 suitably supported upon the top frame member 8 and upon the'other end of this chain is secured the weight 19 which is equal to the weight of the ram so that it will balance it in whatever position it is placed.

Surrounding the ram, between the crown piece and the top frame member, is the pawl head 20 which is provided with pins 21 at diametrically opposite points thereof on which the working beams 22 are pivoted. The rear ends of said working beams 22 are pivotally connected by means oflinks 23 to a lug 24:.projecting from the rear side of said upper frame member 8. The forward ends of said working beams are connected by means of links with a movable cross head 28. The front side of said upper frame member is provided with lugs 26 to which is pivoted the lever member 27. Said lever member has a cylindrical bore therein which receives the rod 29 integrally connected with the crosshead 28 to which the links 25 are pivoted by means of the journal pin 30 on the outer ends of which are provided square blocks 31 which fit in grooves provided in the sides of the lever member 27. As will readily be seen, the cross-head 28 may be moved back and forth in the lever member 27 so as to cause the pin 30 to approach more or less closely to alinement with the pivot of the lever member, thus varying the leverage produced.

The outer end of the rod 29 is reduced in cross section and a tubular handle 33 is secured thereto by means of the pin 34. A threaded adjusting sleeve 36 is provided, having an inwardly projecting flange 37 which fits against the shoulder 38 formed on rod at the beginning of said reduced portion. This sleeve is screw threaded so as to screw upon the correspondingly threaded end 39 of lever member 27 so that the adjusting sleeve 36 may be moved with relation to member 2'? by means of the hand wheel Q0.

The pawl head consists of the upper and lower casings 20 and 4:1 surrounding the ram. the former supported by means of the working beams as hereinbefore described. In the bottom of said upper casing is provided an annular sea, which receives the coiled spring 43. Said casing is also provided with an annular downwardly projecting flange as having a series of slots 4L5 therein. The lower casing 41 is adjustably secured to the upper casing by means of screws %6 which pass through the slots in said flange. The top surface of the lower casingis provided with an annular bead surrounding the ram and there are also recesses 48 in the lower casing which receive the pawls 49 hereinafter to be described. Secured within said upper and lower casing are a plurality of multiple tooth pawls 49 which have grooves on their lower surfaces seating on the annular head 47 of the lower casing. Said pawls are also provided with grooves 50 in their upper surfaces in which the coil spring 43 rests. Upon the lower inner surfaces of the pawls are provided a plurality of ratchet teeth 51 which are adapt ed to engage the annular ratchet teeth 52 provided on the ram 13 between the ends thereof. Dowel pins 53 are provided, projecting from the lower surface of the upper casing between the pawls so as to space them properly and hold them centered with respect to the ram.

To either side of the upper columns 9 are secured the spring straps 5st frictionally engaging the lower casing on opposite sides. The lower casing is held in position by means of the spring members 54, so that the upper and lower casing will move relative to each other, which movement is permitted by the slots in the flange on the upper casing. Such movement will throw the pawls into engagement with the ram so that the continued downward movement of the handle will cause the ram to be forced downward with a great pressure due to the compound lever action. lVhen the pressure is released the pawls will automatically disengage the ram due to the coiled spring l3.

In Fig. V111 is shown a ram 55 provided with a screw thread which may take the place of the annular ratchet teeth hereinbefore mentioned. It is understood, of course, that the teeth on the pawl will be correspondingly inclined when this screw thread is used on the ram.

In Fig. TX is shown a modification in which a different method of adjusting the compound lever is used. In this construction the lever member 27 is provided with a slot 59 and the reduced portion of the sliding member 29 is omitted. The member 29 is provided with a screw threaded opening 56 opposite said slot and in this opening is threaded a set screw 57 which is provided with a flange 58 engaging the edges of the slot. It will be readily seen, that, by loosening the set screw the member 29 may be adjusted 'ithin the limits of the slot by the handle 33 and held in any position by simply tightening the screw.

It is also obvious that other means for su pending the ram might be used instead of the chain and For instance, the pulleys may be provided. with friction springs so that they will remain in whatever position. they left. In this manner, the weight could be done away with.

The force which is exerted may be varied by adjusting the distance between. the crossiead at the point where the latter is pivoted to the connecting the fulcrum of the lever member 27. This may be done by means of the hand wheel l0 shown in Fig. II, or in the modification, by means of the set 57, shown in Fig. P5.

The form of frame which I have provided is very desirable in that there are double columns which are so situated as to receive the strain where it is the greatest and to support the device as rigidly as possible with the least possible amount of metal. Furthermore, the pawls surround the ram so that there is no torque or turn and the force is transmitted to the ram equally in all directions. This is an especially valuable result. means of the large number of ratchet teeth on the ram, it is possible to secure veryiine adjustment of my device.

1. am aware that the embodiment which I have here shown, is susceptible of considerable variation without departing from the spirit of my invention. I, therefore, do not wish to be restricted to the same. However, I have found" that the form which I have here shown is to be preferred and I, therefore, claim it specifically as well as broadly as indicated by the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I

1. In a mandrel press, the combination of a supporting frame, the upper part of said frame being provided with a pair of alined openings, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, said ram being provided between its ends with upwardly inclined ratchet teeth, down wardly pointing ratchet pawls adapted to engage said ratchet teeth, means for pressing said pawls into engagement with said teeth, the pawls being arranged to automatically recede when pressure is withdrawn.

2. In a mandrel press, the combination of a supporting frame, a ram suitably suspended 1n sa1d frame, a sectional ratchet device adapted to surround the ram at a point in the upper part of the frame, said ratchet.

device comprising an upper casing, diametrically opposed pins on said casing, working beams journaled on said pin, a slotted flange on. the lower end of said casing, an annular seat in the bottom thereof, a lower casing secured inside the flange in the upper casing by means of screws passing through said slots, an annular bead in the inner top sur face of said lower casing, pawls provided with grooved seats adapted to receive the annular bead, the inner top surface of said pawls being provided with grooves, a coiled spring seated in the annular seat of the top casing and engaging in said grooves, said pawls being secured to the upper casing by means of dowel pins, each pawl being provided with a plurality of teeth, means for holding said lower casing fixed relative to the frame and means for applying pressure to said working beam, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

3. In a mandrel press, the combination of a double column frame, provided with an opening in the base, a mandrel holder suspended 1n sa1d opening, an ad ustable work plate resting upon the top surface of the base of said frame, a pair of alined openings in the upper part of said frame, a ram sus pended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, said ram being provided between its ends with upwardly projecting ratchet teeth, a sectional ratchet device surrounding said ram at a point between the openings in said frame, a plurality of multiple tooth pawls adapted to engage the ratchet teeth on said ram, spring members frictionally engaging the opposite sides of said sectional ratchet device to hold it in whatever position it may come to rest, a pair of working beams journaled at the opposite sides of said ratchet device, alink connecting the back ends of said working beams to a rigid fulcrum on the back side of the frame, a movable cross-head, links connecting 'the front ends of said working beams to said movable cross-head, a lever member pivoted to said frame, said crosshea-d-being slidably mounted insaid lever member, means for. moving said cross head with respect to said lever member to vary the distance between the pivot of said lever .member and the fulcrum of the lower end of said connecting link, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

4. In a mandrel press structure, the combination of a suitable base with a supporting frame thereon provided with a pair of guide openings at the upper end thereof, a ram disposed and guided through said openings and provided with upwardly projecting ratchet teeth, a pawl head consisting of a pair of members, one of which is movable upon the other, segmental pawls in said" head surrounding the said ram, and a spring for forcing the same'normally' out of engagement and means engaging one of the members to throw the pawl into engagement on the downward movement of said ratchet device, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

5. In a mandrel press, the combination with a sultable base of a supporting frame thereon, a with ratchet teeth thereon, a pawl head for engaging the same, a work beam connected'by a suitable-link to lugs on the said frame andjournaled on the said pawl head, a lever fulcrumed to a lug on the said supporting frame, a link connection from the said lever to the said work beam and means for adjusting the connection of the link to the said lever, all coacting sub- T stantiallv as described for the purpose specified.

6, In a mandrel press, the combination with a suitable base of a supporting frame thereon, a, ram with ratchet teeth thereon, a pawl head for engaging the same, a work beam connected by a suitablelink to'lugs'on the said frame and journaled on the said pawl head, a lever fulcrumed to a lug on the said supporting frame, a link connection from the said lever to the said work beam, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified. 7. In a mandrel press, the combination of a base, a pair of columns rising from said base andsupporting thereon an upper frame member, a crown piece supported from said upper frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram l y awarene s. n. a d. ope i s; nsa e;

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for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, pivot pins at diametrically opposite points on said upper casing, an annular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable rela' tive thereto, an annular bead on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead, teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, an annular seat in the upper casing, a coiled spring in said annular seat engaging the top surfaces of said pawls and dowel pins carried by the upper casing and extending between the said pawls, spring straps sup ported from said upper frame'member and engaging the lower casing on opposite sides thereof, working beams pivoted on said pivot pins on the upper casing, links connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said upper frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, links connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head, a rod integrally connected with said cross head and having a shoulder thereon, a sleeve threaded on said lever member and having an inturned flange engaging said shoulder, a hand wheel-on said sleeve, and a handle secured to the outer end of said rod, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

8. In a mandrel press, the combination of a base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame member, a crown piece supported from said upper frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising, an upper casing, pivot pins at diametrically opposite points on said upper casin an annular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative thereto on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead, teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, an annular seat in the upper casing, a coiled spring in said annular seat engaging the top surface of said pawls and dowel pins carried by the upper casing and extending between the said pawls, spring straps supported from said upper frame member and engaging the lower casing on opposite sides thereof, work:- ing beams pivoted on said pivot pins on the upper casing, links connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said upper frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, links connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head, a rod integrally cqnnected with said cross head and having a shoulder thereon, sleeve threaded on said lever member and having an inturned flange engaging said shoulder, a hand wheel on said sleeve, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

9. In a mandrel press, the combination of a base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame member, a crown piece supported from said apperframe member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, pivot pins at diametrically opposite points on said upper casin an annular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative thereto on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead, teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, an annular seat in the upper casing, a coiled spring in said annular seat engaging the top surfaces of said pawls and dowel pins carried by the upper casing and extending between the saidpawls, spring straps supported from said upper frame member and engaging the lower casing on opposite sides thereof, working beams pivoted on said pivot pins on the upper casing, links connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said upper frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, links connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head, a rod integrally connected with said cross head and having a shoulder thereon, a sleeve threaded on said lever member and having an inturned flange engaging saidshoulder, all coacting substantially as described for the pn pose specified.

10. In a mandrel press, the combination of a. base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame member, a crown piece supported from said upper frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, pivot pins at diametrically opposite points on said upper casing, an annular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative thereto, an annular bead on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead, teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, an annular seat in the upper casing, a coiled spring in said annular seat engaging the top surfaces of said pawls and dowel-pins carried by the upper casing and extending between the said pawls, spring straps supported from said upper frame member and engaging the lower casingon opposite sides thereof, working beams pivoted on said pivot pins on the upper casing, links con necting the rear ends of said working beams with said upper-frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, links connecting the front ends of said working beam with said cross head, a rod integrally connected with said cross head,

means for adjusting said cross head relative to said lever member, and means for securcoacting substantially as described for the purpose specified,

11. In a mandrel press, the combination of a base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame member, a crown piece supported from said upper frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, pivot pins at diametrically opposite points on said'upper casing, an annular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative thereto, an annular bead on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead,teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, an annular seat in the upper casing, a coiled spring in said annular seat engaging the top surfaces of said pawls, and dowel pins carried by the upper casing extending between I said pawls, spring straps supported from said upper frame member and engaging the lower casing on opposite sides thereof, workingbeams pivoted on said pivot pins on the upper casing, links connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said" upper frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, linksconnecting the front ends of said wo-rking beams with said cross head, an operating lever connected to said cross head, means for adjusting said cross head relative to said first named lever member, and means for securing said cross head mg said cross head in adjusted position, all,

in adjusted position, all coacting substanopenings in alinement with each other, a v

ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, pivot pins at diametrically opposite points on said upper casing,an annular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative'thereto, an annular bead on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead, teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, an annular seat inthe upper casing, a coiled spring in said'annular seat engaging the top surfaces of said pawls, and dowel pins carride by the upper casing and extending between said pawls, spring straps supported from said upper frame member and enga'g ing the lower casing on opposite sides thereof, working beams pivoted on said pivot pins on the upper casing, means connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, means connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head,-an operating lever connected to said cross head, means for adjusting said cross head relative to said first named lever member, and means for securing said cross head in adjusted position, all coasting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

13. In a mandrel press, the combination ram and comprising an upper casing, an annular flange extending downwardly from said cas1ng,-a lower casing secured to said fiange and movable relative thereto, an annular bead on thetop of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead, teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, an annular seat in the upper casing, a coiled springin said annular seat engaging the top surface of said pawls, and dowel-pins carried by the upper casing and extending between said pawls, spring straps supported from said upper frame member and engaging the lower casing on opposite sides thereof, working beams pivoted on the upper casing, means connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said upper frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, means connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head, an operating lever connected to said cross head, means for adjusting said cross head relative to said first named lever member, and means for securing said cross head in adjusted position, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

14:. In a mandrel press, the combination of a base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame member, a crown piece supported from said upper frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, an annular flange extending downward from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative thereto, an annular bead on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead,

teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, an annular seat in the upper casing, a coiled spring in said annular seat engaging the top surfaces of said pawls, and dowel-pins carried by the upper casing and extending between said pawls, means engaging said lower casing to hold it fixed relative to the frame, working beams pivoted on the upper casing, means connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said upper frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, means connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head, an operating lever connected to said cross head, means for adjusting said cross head relative to said first named lever member, and means for securing said cross head in adjusted position, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

15. In a mandrel press, the combination of a base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame member, a crown piece supported from said upper frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head sur rounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, an annular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative thereto, an annular head on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead, teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on said ram, and resilient means engaging said pawls to hold them normally away from the ram, means engaging said lower casing to hold it fixed relative to the frame, working beams pivoted on the upper casing, means connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said upperframe member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, means connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head, an operating lever connected to said cross head, means for adjusting said cross head relative to said first named lever member, and means for securing said cross head in adjusted position, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

16. In a mandrel press, the combination of a base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame member, a crown piece supported from said upper frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, an an nular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative thereto, an annular bead on the top of said lower casing, a plurality of pawls seated on said annular bead, teeth on said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on said ram, means engaging said lower casing to hold it fixed relative to the frame, Working beams pivoted on the upper casing, means connecting the rear ends of said working beams to said upper frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame vmember a cross head movable in said lever member, means connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head, an operating lever connected to said cross head, means for adjusting said cross head relative to said first named lever member, and means for securing said cross head in adjusted position, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified. I

17. In a mandrel press, the combination of a base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame member, a cross piece supported from said frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, an annular flange extending downwardly from said casing, a lower casing secured to said flange and movable relative thereto, a plurality of pawls pivotally mounted in said lower casing engaging the ram, means engaging said lower casing to hold it fixed relative to the frame, working beams pivoted on the upper casing, means connecting the rear ends of said working beams with said upper frame member, a lever member pivoted to said upper frame member, a cross head movable in said lever member, means connecting the front ends of said working beams with said cross head, an

operating lever pivotally connected to said cross head, means for adjusting said cross head relative to said first named lever memher, and means for securing said cross head in adjusted position, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

18. In a mandrel press, the combination of base, a pair of columns rising from said base and supporting thereon an upper frame nember, a crown piece supported from said upper frame member, said frame member and said crown piece being provided with openings in alinement with each other, a ram slidably suspended in said openings, means for balancing said ram, a plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram between the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, a lower casing secured to said upper casing and movable relative thereto, a. plurality of pawls surroundin said ram and pivotally mounted in said lower casing, said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram,

means engaging said lower casing to hold it fixed relative to the frame member, means exerting pressure on said upper casing to move it downwardly, and means for varying plurality of ratchet teeth on said ram be-' tween the ends thereof, a pawl head surrounding said ram and comprising an upper casing, a lower casing secured to said up per casing and movable relative thereto, a plurali wls surrounding said ram and pivotallv mounted. in said lower casing, said pawls engaging the ratchet teeth on the ram, means engaging said lower casing to hold it fixed relative to the frame member, means exerting pressure on said uppper casing to move it downwardly, and means for varying the amount of pressure exerted on said upper casing, all coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two witnesses.

I HENRY 1?. WHITE. as Witnesses:

LUELLA GREENFIELD, M. P. "Woonnnrr.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. I 

